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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Larmor-Radius</span></h1>
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<p>Der <b>Larmor-Radius</b> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{g}\,}">
<semantics>
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<mi>r</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{g}\,}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a7691c3fa791904d42a717dbae0b2e3851bc655.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.457ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{g}\,}" loading="lazy"></span> (nach <a href="Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a>; aufgrund der Bedeutung im <a href="Zyklotron" title="Zyklotron">Zyklotron</a> auch <b>Zyklotronradius</b>; andere Bezeichnung <b>Gyroradius</b>/<b>Gyrationsradius</b>) ist der <a href="Radius" title="Radius">Radius</a> der <a href="Kreisbewegung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisbewegung">Kreisbewegung</a> eines <a href="Elektrische_Ladung" title="Elektrische Ladung">geladenen</a> <a href="Teilchen_(Physik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teilchen (Physik)">Teilchens</a> in einem homogenen <a href="Magnetismus" title="Magnetismus">Magnetfeld</a>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{g}={\frac {m\cdot v_{\perp }}{|q|\cdot B}}}">
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<mi>r</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{g}={\frac {m\cdot v_{\perp }}{|q|\cdot B}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e9997f3c926c759018db579f7642c77e9a524d56.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:12.363ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{g}={\frac {m\cdot v_{\perp }}{|q|\cdot B}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m\ }">
<semantics>
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m\ }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b0f753d46b8449abfe4aab6f5f1058188e46492f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.621ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m\ }" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Masse_(Physik)" title="Masse (Physik)">Masse</a> des geladenen Teilchens</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{\perp }}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>v</mi>
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<mo>⊥<!-- ⊥ --></mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{\perp }}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f80a8cf80254aa3ef2640555e94986487d5cba0b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.638ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{\perp }}" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Geschwindigkeit" title="Geschwindigkeit">Geschwindigkeits</a>komponente senkrecht zu den <a href="Magnetismus" title="Magnetismus">magnetischen</a> <a href="Feldlinie" title="Feldlinie">Feldlinien</a></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q\ }">
<semantics>
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>q</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q\ }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9a03bbeca27dabf60c0a27bf72cf03c5c46063d6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.65ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q\ }" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Elektrische_Ladung" title="Elektrische Ladung">elektrische Ladung</a> des Teilchens</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B\ }">
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B\ }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5533d5870fb8d47f6a7308722dc11e285cc3b760.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.345ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B\ }" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Magnetische_Flussdichte" title="Magnetische Flussdichte">magnetische Flussdichte</a> des homogenen Magnetfelds.</li></ul>
<p>Die <a href="Frequenz" title="Frequenz">Frequenz</a> dieser Kreisbewegung wird <a href="Zyklotronfrequenz" title="Zyklotronfrequenz">Zyklotronfrequenz</a> oder auch Gyrationsfrequenz genannt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu ={\frac {q\cdot B}{2\cdot \pi \cdot m}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu ={\frac {q\cdot B}{2\cdot \pi \cdot m}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/41ab11df131f337b1167454cee98f8f56db2e990.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.06ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu ={\frac {q\cdot B}{2\cdot \pi \cdot m}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Sie ist von der <a href="Larmor-Frequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Larmor-Frequenz">Larmor-Frequenz</a> zu unterscheiden, die die Frequenz der <a href="Larmorpr%C3%A4zession" title="Larmorpräzession">Spinpräzession</a> beschreibt.
</p><p>Die Größe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B\cdot r_{g}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B\cdot r_{g}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6912839ed1e98fadfdfed8f58f04d8d0f3256aca.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.513ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B\cdot r_{g}}" loading="lazy"></span> wird auch <a href="Magnetische_Steifigkeit" title="Magnetische Steifigkeit">magnetische Steifigkeit</a> genannt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herleitung">Herleitung</h2></div>
<p>Auf ein geladenes Teilchen, das sich in einem Magnetfeld bewegt, wirkt die <a href="Lorentzkraft" title="Lorentzkraft">Lorentzkraft</a>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}=q({\vec {v}}\times {\vec {B}})}">
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<mo>=</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}=q({\vec {v}}\times {\vec {B}})}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b5dd6628ea3e0ccbdce99aa410dc3cec744e103d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.528ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {F}}=q({\vec {v}}\times {\vec {B}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/85820588abd7333ef4d0c56539cb31c20e730753.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.175ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}" loading="lazy"></span> Geschwindigkeitsvektor des Teilchens,</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/83ae7d80cab55b606de217162280b2279142bbb4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {B}}}" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Vektor" title="Vektor">Vektor</a> der magnetischen Flussdichte.</li></ul>
<p>Die Richtung der Kraft wird durch das <a href="Kreuzprodukt" title="Kreuzprodukt">Kreuzprodukt</a> der Geschwindigkeit und der magnetischen Flussdichte bestimmt. Daher wirkt die Lorentzkraft immer senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung und zwingt das Teilchen, sofern das Magnetfeld überall gleich (homogen) ist, auf eine Kreisbahn.
</p><p>Gleichsetzen von Lorentzkraft und <a href="Zentripetalkraft" title="Zentripetalkraft">Zentripetalkraft</a>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q\cdot v_{\perp }\cdot B={\frac {m\cdot v_{\perp }^{2}}{r_{g}}}}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q\cdot v_{\perp }\cdot B={\frac {m\cdot v_{\perp }^{2}}{r_{g}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3d09bfaf8f52b66fd64772de743b87d633f5b10c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:19.123ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q\cdot v_{\perp }\cdot B={\frac {m\cdot v_{\perp }^{2}}{r_{g}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>ergibt durch Auflösen nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{g}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{g}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ee9e9d992552dd787862208ccb7d0ca36c738924.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.07ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{g}}" loading="lazy"></span> die o.&nbsp;g. Formel für den Radius der Kreisbewegung.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Normalisierter_Gyroradius">Normalisierter Gyroradius</h2></div>
<p>In der <a href="Fusion_mittels_magnetischen_Einschlusses" title="Fusion mittels magnetischen Einschlusses">Kernfusionstechnik</a> bezeichnet man den Larmor-Radius bezogen auf eine typische Ausdehnung des <a href="Plasma_(Physik)" title="Plasma (Physik)">Plasmas</a> (bei <a href="Torus" title="Torus">toroidalen Geometrien</a> wird der kleine Radius&nbsp;a verwendet) als <b>normalisierten Gyroradius</b>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho ^{*}={\frac {r_{g}}{a}}.}">
<semantics>
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<mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho ^{*}={\frac {r_{g}}{a}}.}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3deed7e83ec641ab1a88064b8d3ecad151d6ad3a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.908ex; height:5.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho ^{*}={\frac {r_{g}}{a}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Er ist ein wichtiger <a href="Dimensionslos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimensionslos">dimensionsloser</a> Parameter für die <a href="Dimensionsanalyse" title="Dimensionsanalyse">Dimensionsanalyse</a> von Fusionsreaktoren.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Ulrich Stroth: <cite style="font-style:italic">Plasmaphysik: Phänomene, Grundlagen, Anwendungen</cite>. Vieweg + Teubner, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8348-1615-3, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>15</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=p6xcX_I33kMC&amp;pg=PA15#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Larmor-Radius&amp;rft.au=Ulrich+Stroth&amp;rft.btitle=Plasmaphysik%3A+Ph%C3%A4nomene%2C+Grundlagen%2C+Anwendungen&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783834816153&amp;rft.pages=15&amp;rft.pub=Vieweg+%2B+Teubner" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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